<\/p>\nBladder Stones<\/p>\n
Stephen W. Leslie;\u00a0Hussain Sajjad;\u00a0Patrick B. Murphy.<\/p>\n
Author Information<\/p>\n
Last Update:\u00a0September 17, 2021.<\/p>\n
Go to:<\/p>\n
Continuing Education Activity<\/p>\n
\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u662f\u5728\u8180\u80f1\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u56fa\u4f53\u7ed3\u77f3\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u9499\u6027\u7ed3\u77f3\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u975e\u9499\u6027\u7ed3\u77f3\u3002\u00a0\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u7684\u53d1\u75c5\u7387\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u996e\u98df\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u75c5\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u6b64\u6587\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u8de8\u4e13\u4e1a\u56e2\u961f\u5728\u6539\u5584\u5bf9\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u62a4\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u76ee\u6807\uff1a<\/p>\n
\uf0b7 \u63cf\u8ff0\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n
\uf0b7 \u89e3\u91ca\u5982\u4f55\u8bc4\u4f30\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u3002<\/p>\n
\uf0b7 \u786e\u5b9a\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n
\uf0b7 \u89e3\u91ca\u6539\u5584\u8de8\u4e13\u4e1a\u56e2\u961f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u62a4\u7406\u534f\u8c03\u4ee5\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e3a\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u60a3\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u62a4\u7406\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
Introduction<\/p>\n
\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u8180\u80f1\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u56fa\u4f53\u7ed3\u77f3\u3002\u867d\u7136\u7ecf\u5e38\u9499\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u975e\u9499\u5316\u7269\u8d28\u7ec4\u6210\u3002 \u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u7684\u53d1\u75c5\u7387\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u4e8e\u996e\u98df\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u66f4\u5e38\u89c1\u3002\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5730\u533a\u662f\u4e2d\u4e1c\u548c\u5317\u975e\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cf0\u56fd\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u548c\u7f05\u7538\u3002\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u826f\u6027\u524d\u5217\u817a\u589e\u751f\u6216\u795e\u7ecf\u6e90\u6027\u8180\u80f1\u4e2d\u7684\u5c3f\u6f74\u7559\u6240\u81f4\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u5256\u7f3a\u9677\u3001\u5f02\u7269\u3001\u72ed\u7a84\u6216\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u4e0a\u5c3f\u8def\u7ed3\u77f3\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u5f15\u8d77\u4e0d\u9002\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n
Etiology<\/p>\n
\u5c3f\u6f74\u7559\uff0c\u5982\u826f\u6027\u524d\u5217\u817a\u589e\u751f (BPH) \u6216\u795e\u7ecf\u6e90\u6027\u8180\u80f1\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u662f\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6b64\u7c7b\u7ed3\u77f3\u662f\u5728\u8180\u80f1\u4e2d\u65b0\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u6765\u81ea\u80be\u810f\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7ed3\u77f3\u6216\u8131\u843d\u7684\u4e73\u5934\u3002\u9664\u975e\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u8180\u80f1\u529f\u80fd\u969c\u788d\u6216\u51fa\u53e3\u6897\u963b\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u6765\u81ea\u80be\u810f\u7684\u7ed3\u77f3\u5c0f\u5230\u8db3\u4ee5\u7a7f\u8fc7\u8f93\u5c3f\u7ba1\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7a7f\u8fc7\u5c3f\u9053\u3002\u4fdd\u7559\u5728\u8180\u80f1\u4e2d\u7684\u7ed3\u77f3\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7ed3\u77f3\u6750\u6599\u5c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6750\u6599\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u539f\u59cb\u6838\u5fc3\u6750\u6599\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u7559\u5728\u8180\u80f1\u5185\u7684\u5f02\u7269\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u53d1\u6392\u51fa\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u5c42\u5c42\u7ed3\u77f3\u5e76\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u7ed3\u77f3\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u5916\u79d1\u7f1d\u5408\u9489\u6216\u6c38\u4e45\u7f1d\u5408\u7ebf\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fdb\u884c\u6ccc\u5c3f\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u65f6\u90fd\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u5438\u6536\u7f1d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4fdd\u7559\u5728\u5c3f\u9053\u4e2d\u8db3\u591f\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u53cc\u5c3e\u7ea4\u652f\u67b6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u7ed3\u77f3\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u6765\u81ea Foley \u5bfc\u7ba1\u7403\u56ca\u7684\u788e\u7247\u201c\u8131\u843d\u201d\u4f46\u7403\u56ca\u7834\u88c2\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u788e\u7247\u7559\u5728\u8180\u80f1\u4e2d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u68c0\u67e5\u4efb\u4f55\u5df2\u62c9\u51fa\u6216\u201c\u8131\u843d\u201d\u7684 Foley \u5bfc\u7ba1\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6ca1\u6709\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u788e\u7247\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u7ed3\u77f3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u6216\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u7f3a\u5c11\u7403\u56ca\u788e\u7247\uff0c\u5219\u5e94\u8fdb\u884c\u8180\u80f1\u955c\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u4e0e\u95f4\u6b47\u6027\u5bfc\u5c3f\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cFoley \u5bfc\u5c3f\u7ba1\u4e0e\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u9879\u9488\u5bf9\u810a\u9ad3\u635f\u4f24\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c36% \u7684\u60a3\u8005\u5728\u516b\u5e74\u7684\u968f\u8bbf\u671f\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u3002\u6539\u5584\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u6ccc\u5c3f\u5916\u79d1\u62a4\u7406\u5c06\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u5f62\u6210\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\u5230\u7ea6 10%\u3002\u653e\u5c04\u6cbb\u7597\u3001\u8840\u5438\u866b\u75c5\u3001\u8180\u80f1\u589e\u5927\u624b\u672f\u3001\u5c3f\u9053\u72ed\u7a84\u548c\u8180\u80f1\u61a9\u5ba4\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u662f\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8bf1\u53d1\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n
Epidemiology<\/p>\n
\u6210\u4eba\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u53d1\u75c5\u7387\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6b63\u5728\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e BPH \u836f\u7269\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 \u03b1-\u53d7\u4f53\u963b\u6ede\u5242\u548c 5-\u03b1 \u8fd8\u539f\u9176\u6291\u5236\u5242 (5-ARIs)\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0e\u60a3\u6709 BPH \u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7537\u6027\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u60a3\u6709 BPH \u548c\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u7684\u6210\u5e74\u7537\u6027\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u80be\u7ed3\u77f3\u75c5\u53f2\u3001\u75db\u98ce\u3001\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u5c3f pH \u503c\u548c\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u5c3f\u9541\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u5c3f\u8def\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u663e\u7740\u7684\u8180\u80f1\u5185\u524d\u5217\u817a\u6269\u5f20 (BPH) \u662f\u4e0e\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u53d1\u5c55\u6700\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u75c7\u72b6\u3002\u5728\u513f\u7ae5\u4e2d\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u53d1\u75c5\u7387\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4ea7\u524d\u548c\u4ea7\u540e\u62a4\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u65b0\u751f\u513f\u8425\u517b\u652f\u6301\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6539\u5584\u3002\u7537\u5b69\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u5973\u5b69\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\uff0c\u4e0e\u80be\u7ed3\u77f3\u75be\u75c5\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0e\u80be\u7ed3\u77f3\u75be\u75c5\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u590d\u53d1\uff0c\u80be\u7ed3\u77f3\u75be\u75c5\u5728\u513f\u7ae5\u4e2d\u590d\u53d1\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e38\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n
Pathophysiology<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6210\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u6210\u5206\u662f\u5c3f\u9178\uff0c\u7ea6\u5360\u75c5\u4f8b\u7684 50%\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60a3\u6709\u5c3f\u9178\u6027\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u75db\u98ce\u6216\u9ad8\u5c3f\u9178\u8840\u75c7\u3002\u5f62\u6210\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u5305\u62ec\u8349\u9178\u9499\u3001\u78f7\u9178\u9499\u3001\u5c3f\u9178\u94f5\u3001\u80f1\u6c28\u9178\u548c\u78f7\u9178\u9499\u94f5\u9541\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e09\u78f7\u9178\u76d0\u6216\u9e1f\u7caa\u77f3\u7ed3\u77f3\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u4e0e\u611f\u67d3\u6709\u5173\uff09\u3002\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u751f\u6162\u6027\u83cc\u5c3f\u548c\u6ccc\u5c3f\u7cfb\u7edf\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u810a\u9ad3\u635f\u4f24\u6216\u4e25\u91cd\u4f4e\u6e17\u8180\u80f1\u7684\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u9e1f\u7caa\u77f3\uff08\u611f\u67d3\uff09\u548c\u78f7\u9178\u9499\u7ed3\u77f3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8349\u9178\u9499\u6216\u78f7\u9178\u9499\u7684\u7ed3\u77f3\u901a\u5e38\u59cb\u4e8e\u80be\u7ed3\u77f3\uff0c\u88ab\u56f0\u5728\u8180\u80f1\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5f62\u6210\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7ed3\u77f3\u5c42\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u592a\u5927\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u5e76\u51fa\u73b0\u75c7\u72b6\u3002\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u548c\u8180\u80f1\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u5173\u8054\u3002\u5728\u513f\u7ae5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7ed3\u77f3\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u8349\u9178\u9499\u3001\u78f7\u9178\u9499\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u6709\u5c3f\u9178\u94f5\u3002\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5a74\u513f\u548c\u975e\u5e38\u5e74\u5e7c\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u5403\u6bcd\u4e73\u548c\u5927\u7c73\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u81b3\u98df\u78f7\u542b\u91cf\u4f4e\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5c3f\u6c28\u6392\u6cc4\u91cf\u9ad8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u7eff\u8272\u852c\u83dc\u6444\u5165\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u5f88\u9ad8\uff08\u9ad8\u81b3\u98df\u8349\u9178\u76d0\u8d1f\u8377\uff09\u548c\u4f4e\u81b3\u98df\u67e0\u6aac\u9178\u76d0\u3002<\/p>\n
History and Physical<\/p>\n
\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u522b\u6216\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u75c7\u72b6\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8180\u80f1\u6392\u7a7a\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u662f BPH\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u6ccc\u5c3f\u7cfb\u7edf\u75c7\u72b6\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7ec8\u672b\u8840\u5c3f\u3001\u803b\u9aa8\u4e0a\u75bc\u75db\u3001\u5f31\u6d41\u3001\u6392\u5c3f\u56f0\u96be\u7b49\u3002\u7ec8\u672b\u8089\u773c\u8840\u5c3f\u4f34\u6709\u7a81\u7136\u7684\u6392\u5c3f\u505c\u6b62\u662f\u5927\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u5f81\u5146\u3002\u9634\u830e\u5c16\u7aef\u6216\u9634\u56ca\u3001\u9aa8\u76c6\u6216\u4f1a\u9634\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u90e8\u4f4d\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u75bc\u75db\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u81a8\u80c0\u7684\u8180\u80f1\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u53ef\u89e6\u53ca\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u7ed3\u77f3\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u662f\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u7684\u4f53\u5f81\u548c\u75c7\u72b6\u76f8\u5bf9\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8180\u80f1\u955c\u68c0\u67e5\u6216\u5f71\u50cf\u5b66\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u65e0\u6cd5\u505a\u51fa\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7\u8303\u5e03\u4f26\u58f0\u97f3\u7684\u4f20\u9012\u6765\u505a\u51fa\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u3002\u5f53\u4e0e\u8180\u80f1\u4e2d\u7684\u77f3\u5934\u63a5\u89e6\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u201c\u58f0\u97f3\u201d\u6216\u5494\u55d2\u58f0\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u632f\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u4ec5\u5177\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u6210\u50cf\u6280\u672f\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u8180\u80f1\u955c\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u666e\u904d\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
Evaluation<\/p>\n
\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u5c3f\u6db2\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u80fd\u663e\u793a\u8840\u6db2\u3001\u4e9a\u785d\u9178\u76d0\u6216\u767d\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4f4e\u5c3f pH \u503c\u548c\u5c3f\u8def\u611f\u67d3 (UTI)\u3002X \u5149\u6216 KUB \u5e73\u7247\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u9996\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6210\u5e74\u7537\u6027\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ed3\u77f3\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9499\u5316\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5c3f\u9178\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ec5 X \u5149\u5e73\u7247\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\u3002CT \u6216\u8180\u80f1\u8d85\u58f0\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u8fdb\u884c\u6210\u50cf\u3002\u7ed3\u77f3\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5728\u8d85\u58f0\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u5e26\u6709\u9634\u5f71\u7684\u9ad8\u56de\u58f0\u533a\u57df\u3002\u00a0 \u00a0 \u5c3f\u9178\u94f5\u662f\u5c04\u7ebf\u53ef\u900f\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u9499\u5316\u6d82\u5c42\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5728 X \u5c04\u7ebf\u4e0b\u53ef\u89c1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a3\u8005\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4f4d\u65f6\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8180\u80f1\u5145\u76c8\u7f3a\u635f\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8840\u6813\u3001\u771f\u83cc\u7403\u6216\u957f\u67c4\u4e0a\u7684\u4e73\u5934\u72b6\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u80bf\u7624\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60a3\u8005\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8fd8\u4f1a\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9aa8\u76c6\u75bc\u75db\u3001\u8840\u5c3f\u6216\u6392\u5c3f\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7ecf\u5e38\u8fdb\u884c\u8180\u80f1\u955c\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u660e\u786e\u663e\u793a\u4efb\u4f55\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u3002<\/p>\n
Treatment \/ Management<\/p>\n
\u836f\u7269\u6cbb\u7597<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8f83\u9ad8 pH \u503c\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a 6.5 \u81f3 7\uff09\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u6301\u8db3\u591f\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5355\u72ec\u4f7f\u7528\u53e3\u670d\u78b1\u5316\u5242\u6765\u6eb6\u89e3\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5c3f\u9178\u3002\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u53e3\u670d\u67e0\u6aac\u9178\u94be\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8865\u5145\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94a0\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u9700\u8981\u5927\u7ea6\u6bcf\u5929 60 mEq \u7684\u67e0\u6aac\u9178\u94be\u3002\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6cbb\u7597\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u5b9a\u671f\u68c0\u67e5\u8840\u6e05\u94be\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u5c3f pH \u503c\u3002\u67e0\u6aac\u9178\u94be\u7684\u5242\u91cf\u5e94\u6ef4\u5b9a\u548c\u8c03\u6574\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u6700\u4f73 pH \u503c\u3002\u6709\u80be\u7ed3\u77f3\u75c5\u53f2\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u76ca\u4e8e\u4ee3\u8c22\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u5305\u62ec 24 \u5c0f\u65f6\u5c3f\u68c0\u4ee5\u68c0\u6d4b\u80be\u7ed3\u77f3\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5371\u9669\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u5b9a\u5411\u9884\u9632\u6027\u6cbb\u7597\u3002\u67e0\u6aac\u9178\u3001\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u9178\u03b4-\u5185\u916f\u548c\u78b3\u9178\u9541\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6eb6\u89e3\u9e1f\u7caa\u77f3\uff08\u611f\u67d3\uff09\u578b\u7ed3\u77f3\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u51b2\u6d17\u5bfc\u7ba1\u3002\u6eb6\u89e3\u901f\u5ea6\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u6162\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f88\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u78f7\u9178\u9499\u662f\u7ed3\u58f3\u548c\u788e\u5c51\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5835\u585e\u6ccc\u5c3f\u652f\u67b6\u548c\u5bfc\u5c3f\u7ba1\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u5728\u78b1\u6027\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5f31\u9178\u6eb6\u89e3\u3002\u5b9a\u671f\u8180\u80f1\u704c\u6ce8 1\/4% \u918b\u9178\u6eb6\u6db2\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6eb6\u89e3\u78f7\u9178\u9499\u6676\u4f53\u5e76\u9632\u6b62\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fdd\u6301 Foley \u5bfc\u5c3f\u7ba1\u548c\u803b\u9aa8\u4e0a\u5bfc\u5c3f\u7ba1\u7684\u901a\u7545\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bfc\u5c3f\u7ba1\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u8fc7\u65e9\u88ab\u788e\u5c51\u5835\u585e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u624b\u672f\u6cbb\u7597<\/p>\n
\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7ed3\u77f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u7aa5\u955c\u624b\u672f\u6cbb\u7597\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e94\u540c\u65f6\u89e3\u51b3\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7ed3\u77f3\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8180\u80f1\u955c\u8fdb\u884c\u8180\u80f1\u788e\u77f3\u672f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u7834\u574f\u6027\u6216\u6d88\u878d\u7597\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6fc0\u5149\u3001\u6c14\u52a8\u673a\u68b0\u63a5\u89e6\u624b\u63d0\u94bb\u3001\u8d85\u58f0\u6ce2\u548c\u7528\u788e\u77f3\u76f4\u63a5\u673a\u68b0\u7c89\u788e\u3002\u7535\u52a8\u6db2\u538b\u88c5\u7f6e\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u7528\u4e8e\u6cbb\u7597\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ed3\u77f3\u5bb9\u6613\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u636e\u62a5\u9053\u8180\u80f1\u9ecf\u819c\u635f\u4f24\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u8d85\u58f0\u6ce2\u548c\u788e\u77f3\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u6fc0\u5149\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u7834\u788e\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002\u4f53\u5916\u51b2\u51fb\u6ce2\u788e\u77f3\u672f (ESWL) \u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6cbb\u7597\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u6cbb\u7597\u5934\u9ad8\u4e8e\u60a3\u8005\u6216\u4fef\u5367\u4f4d\u3002\u7ecf\u76ae\u803b\u9aa8\u4e0a\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u662f\u6cbb\u7597\u5c0f\u513f\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u53ef\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u513f\u7ae5\u5c3f\u9053\u635f\u4f24\u3002\u4e0e\u7ecf\u5c3f\u9053\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u803b\u9aa8\u4e0a\u653e\u7f6e\u66f4\u5927\u53e3\u5f84\u7684\u5668\u68b0\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u513f\u79d1\u5e74\u9f84\u7ec4\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u803b\u9aa8\u4e0a\u548c\u8180\u80f1\u955c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u624b\u672f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u51fa\u53e3\u6897\u963b\u7684\u7537\u6027\u6210\u4eba\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u7ed3\u77f3\u788e\u88c2\u548c\u53d6\u51fa\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u8fdb\u884c\u7ecf\u5c3f\u9053\u524d\u5217\u817a\u5207\u9664\u672f (TURP)\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u6216\u524d\u5217\u817a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u803b\u9aa8\u4e0a\u624b\u672f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u5141\u8bb8\u79fb\u9664\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7ed3\u77f3\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u803b\u9aa8\u4e0a\u524d\u5217\u817a\u5207\u9664\u672f\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u5c0f\u8d85\u8fc7 75 \u514b\u7684\u524d\u5217\u817a\uff09\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u53bb\u9664\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u803b\u9aa8\u4e0a\u8180\u80f1\u9020\u53e3\u672f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u603b\u624b\u672f\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u4e0e\u5185\u7aa5\u955c\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u6bd4\u5927\u7ea6\u4e00\u534a\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u53bb\u9664\u5927\u5757\u6216\u591a\u5757\u7ed3\u77f3\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u53bb\u9664\u53ef\u80fd\u96be\u4ee5\u6216\u96be\u4ee5\u788e\u88c2\u7684\u7ed3\u77f3\u5185\u7aa5\u955c\u6cbb\u7597\u548c\u5904\u7406\u7c98\u5728\u8180\u80f1\u5185\u58c1\u7684\u7ed3\u77f3\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\u4f4f\u9662\u65f6\u95f4\u8f83\u957f\u3001\u672f\u540e\u75bc\u75db\u589e\u52a0\u3001\u9700\u8981\u8179\u90e8\u5207\u53e3\u548c\u5f15\u6d41\u7ba1\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4f24\u53e3\u5e76\u53d1\u75c7\u548c\u8f83\u957f\u7684 Foley \u5bfc\u7ba1\u63d2\u5165\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n
Differential Diagnosis<\/p>\n
\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u7684\u9274\u522b\u8bca\u65ad\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n
\uf0b7\u524d\u5217\u817a\u7ed3\u77f3<\/p>\n
\uf0b7\u51dd\u5757<\/p>\n
\uf0b7\u4e73\u5934\u72b6\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c<\/p>\n
\uf0b7\u5c3f\u8def\u611f\u67d3<\/p>\n
\uf0b7\u826f\u6027\u524d\u5217\u817a\u589e\u751f<\/p>\n
Prognosis<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u7ed3\u77f3\u5f97\u5230\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u7684\u9884\u540e\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u597d\u7684\u3002\u7ed3\u77f3\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5c0f\u7684\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u6392\u51fa\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u7684\u7ed3\u77f3\u4f1a\u6ede\u7559\u5728\u8180\u80f1\u9888\u90e8\u5e76\u963b\u6b62\u5c3f\u6db2\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u672a\u7ecf\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u75c5\u4f8b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6ccc\u5c3f\u9053\u635f\u4f24\u3001\u7ed3\u77f3\u590d\u53d1\u6216\u611f\u67d3\u3002<\/p>\n
Complications<\/p>\n
\u5927\u7684\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u5e76\u53d1\u75c7\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n
\uf0b7\u75bc\u75db<\/p>\n
\uf0b7 \u5c3f\u9891<\/p>\n
\uf0b7\u6897\u963b<\/p>\n
\uf0b7\u5c3f\u8def\u611f\u67d3<\/p>\n
Deterrence and Patient Education<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u65e6\u60a3\u8005\u51fa\u73b0\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\uff0c\u7ed3\u77f3\u590d\u53d1\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u5c31\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u544a\u77e5\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u591a\u559d\u6c34\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u7ed3\u77f3\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u589e\u52a0\u996e\u6c34\u91cf\u4f1a\u7a00\u91ca\u6240\u6709\u5728\u6ccc\u5c3f\u9053\u4e2d\u6c89\u6dc0\u5f62\u6210\u7ed3\u77f3\u7684\u77ff\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u5982\u679c\u524d\u5217\u817a\u80a5\u5927\uff0c\u5e94\u901a\u8fc7\u624b\u672f\u5c06\u5176\u5207\u9664\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u5c3f\u6db2\u5728\u8180\u80f1\u4e2d\u6de4\u6ede\u3002<\/p>\n
Pearls and Other Issues<\/p>\n
\u4ee3\u8c22\u8bc4\u4f30\uff08\u5305\u62ec 24 \u5c0f\u65f6\u5c3f\u68c0\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u4ee3\u8c22\u7ec4\u548c\u8840\u6e05\u5c3f\u9178\uff09\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u60a3\u6709\u5c3f\u9178\u7ed3\u77f3\u7684\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u3001\u80be\u7ed3\u77f3\u3001\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u53e3\u6897\u963b\u6216\u75c5\u7076\u7684\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u3001\u590d\u53d1\u6027\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u3001 \u4ee5\u53ca\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u5c3f\u77f3\u75c7\u5bb6\u65cf\u53f2\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n
Enhancing Healthcare Team Outcomes<\/p>\n
\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u76f8\u5bf9\u5c11\u89c1\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u672a\u80fd\u5b9a\u671f\u6392\u7a7a\u8180\u80f1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u81f4\u75c5\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u957f\u671f\u4e0d\u66f4\u6362\u7684\u5bfc\u7ba1\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u3002\u5f53 Foley \u5bfc\u7ba1\u56e0\u5916\u4f24\u88ab\u79fb\u9664\u65f6\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u68c0\u67e5\u5bfc\u7ba1\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6ca1\u6709\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u7403\u56ca\u788e\u7247\u6216\u788e\u7247\u3002\u8de8\u4e13\u4e1a\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u6240\u6709\u62a4\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8180\u80f1\u5185\u4fdd\u7559\u7403\u56ca\u788e\u7247\u7684\u6b64\u7c7b\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u9499\u5316\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7531\u6ccc\u5c3f\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u5728\u62a4\u58eb\u534f\u52a9\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u8180\u80f1\u955c\u68c0\u67e5\u4ee5\u53bb\u9664\u4efb\u4f55\u6b64\u7c7b\u788e\u7247\u3002\u66f4\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u66f4\u6362\u5bfc\u7ba1\u4ee5\u53ca\u660e\u667a\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u67e0\u6aac\u9178\u3001\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u9178-\u03b4-\u5185\u916f\u548c\u78b3\u9178\u9541\u4ee5\u53ca 1\/4% \u7684\u918b\u9178\u6eb6\u6db2\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u51cf\u5c11\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u3001\u78f7\u9178\u9499\u788e\u5c51\u548c\u5bfc\u7ba1\u7ed3\u75c2\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u836f\u5242\u5e08\u5e94\u8bc4\u4f30\u836f\u7269\u6cbb\u7597\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u4f9d\u4ece\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u8de8\u4e13\u4e1a\u56e2\u961f\u62a5\u544a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e13\u4e1a\u62a4\u7406\u6ccc\u5c3f\u5916\u79d1\u62a4\u58eb\u534f\u8c03\u62a4\u7406\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e0e\u8de8\u4e13\u4e1a\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u56e2\u961f\u5408\u4f5c\u63d0\u4f9b\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u6ccc\u5c3f\u79d1\u3001\u521d\u7ea7\u4fdd\u5065\u3001\u836f\u623f\u548c\u62a4\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u4e4b\u95f4\u5bc6\u5207\u6c9f\u901a\u548c\u534f\u8c03\u62a4\u7406\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u964d\u4f4e\u53ef\u9884\u9632\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Figure<\/p>\n
\u8180\u80f1\u3001\u8180\u80f1\u5185\u90e8\u3001\u9876\u70b9\u3001\u5c3f\u9053\u5185\u53e3\u3001\u8f93\u5c3f\u7ba1\u5706\u73af\u3001\u8f93\u5c3f\u7ba1\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Figure<\/p>\n
\u8180\u80f1\u3001\u8180\u80f1\u58c1\u5782\u76f4\u5256\u9762\u3001\u79fb\u884c\u4e0a\u76ae\u3001\u7c98\u819c\u4e0b\u5c42\u3001\u7eb5\u808c\u7ea4\u7ef4\u5185\u5c42\u3001\u73af\u72b6\u808c\u7ea4\u7ef4\u3001\u7eb5\u808c\u7ea4\u7ef4\u5916\u5c42\u3002<\/p>\n
Figure<\/p>\n
\u9aa8\u76c6 CT \u663e\u793a\u60a3\u6709\u826f\u6027\u524d\u5217\u817a\u589e\u751f\u7684 65 \u5c81\u7537\u6027\u591a\u53d1\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3\u3002<\/p>\n
Figure<\/p>\n
\u8180\u80f1\u7ed3\u77f3<\/p>\n
References<\/p>\n
1.Yoshida S, Takazawa R, Uchida Y, Kohno Y, Waseda Y, Tsujii T. The significance of intraoperative renal pelvic urine and stone cultures for patients at a high risk of post-ureteroscopy systemic inflammatory response syndrome.\u00a0Urolithiasis.\u00a02019 Dec;47(6):533-540.<\/p>\n
2.Whittington JR, Simmons PM, Eltahawy EA, Magann EF. Bladder Stone in Pregnancy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.\u00a0Am J Case Rep.\u00a02018 Dec 30;19:1546-1549.<\/p>\n
3.Southgate SJ, Herbst MK.\u00a0StatPearls .\u00a0StatPearls Publishing; Treasure Island (FL): Jul 31, 2021. Ultrasound of the Urinary Tract.<\/p>\n
4.Villa L, Capogrosso P, Capitanio U, Martini A, Briganti A, Salonia A, Montorsi F. Silodosin: An Update on Efficacy, Safety and Clinical Indications in Urology.\u00a0Adv Ther.\u00a02019 Jan;36(1):1-18.<\/p>\n
5.Pozzi M, Locatelli F, Galbiati S, Beretta E, Carnovale C, Clementi E, Strazzer S. Relationships between enteral nutrition facts and urinary stones in a cohort of pediatric patients in rehabilitation from severe acquired brain injury.\u00a0Clin Nutr.\u00a02019 Jun;38(3):1240-1245.<\/p>\n
6.Armbruster CE, Mobley HLT, Pearson MM. Pathogenesis of\u00a0Proteus mirabilis\u00a0Infection.\u00a0EcoSal Plus.\u00a02018 Feb;8(1)<\/p>\n
7.Manjunath AS, Hofer MD. Urologic Emergencies.\u00a0Med Clin North Am.\u00a02018 Mar;102(2):373-385.<\/p>\n
8.Leslie SW, Sajjad H, Nazzal L.\u00a0StatPearls .\u00a0StatPearls Publishing; Treasure Island (FL): Aug 12, 2021. Cystinuria.<\/p>\n
9.Foo KT. Pathophysiology of clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia.\u00a0Asian J Urol.\u00a02017 Jul;4(3):152-157.<\/p>\n
10.Huang W, Cao JJ, Cao M, Wu HS, Yang YY, Xu ZM, Jin XD. Risk factors for bladder calculi in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.\u00a0Medicine (Baltimore).\u00a02017 Aug;96(32):e7728.<\/p>\n
11.Li WM, Chou YH, Li CC, Liu CC, Huang SP, Wu WJ, Huang CH. Local factors compared with systemic factors in the formation of bladder uric acid stones.\u00a0Urol Int.\u00a02009;82(1):48-52.<\/p>\n
12.Yu Z, Yue W, Jiuzhi L, Youtao J, Guofei Z, Wenbin G. The risk of bladder cancer in patients with urinary calculi: a meta-analysis.\u00a0Urolithiasis.\u00a02018 Nov;46(6):573-579.<\/p>\n
13.Ward JB, Feinstein L, Pierce C, Lim J, Abbott KC, Bavendam T, Kirkali Z, Matlaga BR., NIDDK Urologic Diseases in America Project. Pediatric Urinary Stone Disease in the United States: The Urologic Diseases in America Project.\u00a0Urology.\u00a02019 Jul;129:180-187.<\/p>\n
14.Hemminki K, Hemminki O, F\u00f6rsti A, Sundquist K, Sundquist J, Li X. Familial risks in urolithiasis in the population of Sweden.\u00a0BJU Int.\u00a02018 Mar;121(3):479-485.<\/p>\n
15.Brisbane W, Bailey MR, Sorensen MD. An overview of kidney stone imaging techniques.\u00a0Nat Rev Urol.\u00a02016 Nov;13(11):654-662.<\/p>\n
16.Omar M, Chaparala H, Monga M, Sivalingam S. Contemporary Imaging Practice Patterns Following Ureteroscopy for Stone Disease.\u00a0J Endourol.\u00a02015 Oct;29(10):1122-5.<\/p>\n
17.Gonzalez RD, Whiting BM, Canales BK. The history of kidney stone dissolution therapy: 50 years of optimism and frustration with renacidin.\u00a0J Endourol.\u00a02012 Feb;26(2):110-8.<\/p>\n
18.Jia Q, Jin T, Wang K, Zheng Z, Deng J, Wang H. Comparison of 2 Kinds of Methods for the Treatment of Bladder Calculi.\u00a0Urology.\u00a02018 Apr;114:233-235.<\/p>\n
19.Abergel S, Peyronnet B, Seguin P, Bensalah K, Traxer O, Freund Y. Management of urinary stone disease in general practice: A French Delphi study.\u00a0Eur J Gen Pract.\u00a02016 Jun;22(2):103-10.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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